The sf36 questionnaire consists of 36 questions items measuring physical and mental. To score the sf 36, scales are standardized with a scoring algorithm or by the sf36v2 scoring software to obtain a score ranging from 0 to 100. The sf 36 is an indicator of overall health status. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health. This chapter provides scoring instructions for the eight multiitem scales and for. The sf12 is beginning to be more commonly used in the tbi population. These questions are about how you feel and how things have been with you during the last 4 weeks. Pdf sf36 physical and mental health summary scales. How to calculate mcs and pcs scores in sf36 questionnaire. Criterion validity and reliability of the sf36 in a.
In addition, we have rescored the eight sf 36 scales using norm based scoring. Not all completed questionnaires had every item on the sf 36 answered. Aparticipant refused breading not possible cinstitutional error. All questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest level of. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf 36 about.
Inter scale correlation between epic and these instruments has indicated that efficient yet comprehensive hrqol assessment can be achieved by coadministering epic with sf 12. Patients with cfs had far lower mean scores than the general population control subjects on all eight sf 36 scales. Two hundred and twentythree adolescents and adults with cf completed the sf 36 with a further 185 approached and not responding by noncompletion of the questionnaire. Pdf use of the sf36 among persons with spinal cord injury. Validation of the sf36 for the assessment of quality of life. This page was last edited on 30 september 2019, at 07. Finally, for those conducting research, it is important to.
The primary purpose of this paper was to perform, on the thai sf36, tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and validity according to the methods outlined by the iqola project. Items 20 and 32 are used to score the measure of social functioning. Many studies using this measure were published in highly prestigious journals. The sf36v2 health survey is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 questions that yields an eightscale profile of functional health and wellbeing, as well as two psychometrically based physical and mental health summary measures and a preferencebased health utility index. The current work assesses the properties of the short form 36 item sf 36 questionnaire in a british sample of adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis cf. The shortform sf36 health survey national center for.
Usefulness of the sf36 health survey in screening for. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf 36 range from. However, a high score response choice 5 on item 20 indicates. The eight scales are hypothesised to form two distinct. Abstract crosssectional data from the medical outcomes study mos were analyzed to test the validity of the mos 36 item shortform health survey sf 36 scales as measures of physical and mental health constructs.
The sf 36 and whoqol100 quality of life instruments were used in this study. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring for the sf 36 vr12 scales that gives every scale a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, normed to the us general population. Medical outcomes study short form 36 rehabmeasures database. This modified version of the translated sf 36 was then used in a twophasedstudy between 1999 and 2000. Comparison of sf36 and whoqol100 in patients with stroke. Physical component summary pcs score and mental component summary mcs score. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. The bodily pain scale of the short form 36 questionnaire is a predictor of outcome in patients who receive ultrasoundguided corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciitisa preliminary study. Assessment of the sf36 version 2 in the united kingdom. It is comprised of 36 items that assess eight health concepts. This paper aims to test the completion, reliability and validity of the sf 36 and euroqol on an elderly female population, and to compare them with the opcs disability survey. It yields an 8 scale profile including functional health, and mental health. Quality of life questionnaire sf 36v2 health survey. Question names for home sf items are provided for the 2002 survey round to the present round.
Statistical analysis normative data are provided in the form of means and standard deviations broken down by age and sex, and social class. This set of questions asks for your views about your health. Sf 36 data were collected in 100 hospital outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean, standard deviation and 95% ci of the mean of the eight sf 36 scale scores of our subjects are compared to the us general population norm19,29 in table 3. Translation memories are created by human, but computer aligned, which might cause mistakes.
Validity of the mental health component scale of the 12item. In addition, some of the scales generate subscales, e. It yields an eight scale profile of scores as well as physical and mental summary measures. Measuring physical and mental health using the sf12. A postal survey was undertaken using a questionnaire booklet, containing the sf 36 and a number of other items concerned with lifestyles. The 36item short form of the medical outcomes study questionnaire sf36 was designed as a generic indicator of health status for use in population surveys. Medical outcomes study short form 36 rehabmeasures. Interpreting score differences in the sf36 vitality scale. Each item is scored on the basis of the limitations perceived by surveyed individuals. In this analysis we establish the psychometric properties and criterion validity of the sf 36. Sieber and john patrick anderson, journalinternational journal for quality in. The shortform 36 health survey rand corporation and john e. An important methodological issue in measuring healthrelated quality of life is whether instruments such as sf 36 and eq can be used on an elderly population.
The sf36 health survey is a generic selfadministered questionnaire that includes 36 items, combined in eight health domains of which four. Home sf items for prior rounds can be located by searching for word in title enter search term contains home part in nls investigator. The bodily pain scale of the short form36 questionnaire. Sf 36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. Please answer the 36 questions of the health survey completely, honestly, and without interruptions. Medical outcome short form 36 health survey clintools. It stems from a study called the medical outcomes study it comprises 36 questions which cover eight domains of health. The whoqolbref 48 is a 26item standardized measure based on the world health organizations work on qol. When we realized that these summary measures capture more than 80% of the reliable variance in the eight subscales, we pursued a second goal, which was to develop psychometricallybased summary measures that simplify the analysis and interpretation of the sf 36. The inclusion of the sf 36 in the first australian national household panel survey, the household, income and labour dynamics in australia hilda survey, provides an opportunity to investigate health inequalities.
The rand 36 is perhaps the most widely used healthrelated quality of life hrqol survey instrument in the world today. Sf 36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. Since its translation to thai in 2000, the sf 36 health survey has been used extensively in many different clinical settings in thailand. In contrast, the sf 36 has been the focus of much more evaluation. The sf 36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and. Sf36 total score as a single measure of healthrelated. Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf 36 and vr12. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf 36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. Rand recommends the following straightforward approach to scoring the rand 36item health survey.
Questionnaire is available here in html format a pdf version of the sf36 is also available here, for ease of administration it fits on 2 pages. Scoring instructions for mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36. To analyse selected items from the chinese mandarin form of the sf 36 scale using mokken scaling and to investigate if violations of local stochastic independence exaggerate scalability. Previous studies have shown that the sf 36 mental component summary scale mcs 36 is able to detect cases of depression in samples of primary health care patients ware et al. Health status indicators, reliability, validity, sf 36 health survey, translations, crosscultural research introduction the sf 36 health survey is a multipurpose, shortform health survey which contains 36 questions. Normbased scoring of the sf 36 health profile standardizes each scale to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 in the general u. Clinical outcome study comparing the short form 36 sf 36 and short form12 sf12 assessment scales in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy csm. Pcs and mcs summary scores are standardized using a tscore transformation and normed to a u. Scores are calibrated so that 50 is the average score or norm. An online scoring demonstration and online scoring service are available also11,12. Scoring of the general health and pain scales is different between the versions.
Rand recommends the following straightforward approach to scoring the rand 36 item health survey. Sf 36 is the bestknown questionnaire amongst experts in measuring health status. Sf36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. However, its validity as a measure of total healthrelated quality of life can be questioned. To compare the validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the sf12 and sf 36 scales in csm patients undergoing decompressive surgery. The way to complete the online fim scale on the internet. Short form 36 sf36 assessment overview assessment area icf domain. The study findings indicate that the sf36 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of hrqol in patients with brain tumors. Overview of the sf36 health survey and the international.
Sf36 results were calculated using standard scoring procedures whereby missing values were replaced by scale means where valid. The original sf 36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos. Reliability and validity of the sf36 health survey. Hence, scale scores represent the average for all items in the scale that the respondent answered. Vickrey et al, 1995 in vickreys study, the physical functioning and role limitations due to physical problems subscales were the ones that best discriminated between ms patients and the. Answer every question by checking the appropriate response. This standardized normbased scoring is preferred because it allows for comparisons across studies and scales. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. It yields an eight scale profile of scores as well as summary physical and mental measures. Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. Healthrelated quality of life in dialysis patients.
Population based norming of the chinese hk version of. Data from a populationbased study of 7485 participants in three cohorts aged 2024, 4044 and 6064 years were used to examine relationships among measures of. A secondary purpose was to examine the reliability and validity of the instrument when applied to a large nonclinical general population sample of men. Among these respondents, the value for any missing item is imputed as the mean value for nonmissing items. Crisp ii quality of life quest sf36v2 health survey, form 41 page 1 of 4 version 3, 31207 this survey asks for your views about your health, how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. Designpostal questionnaire followed up, if necessary, by two reminders at two week intervals. Quality of life assessment using the short form12 sf12. Violations of local stochastic independence exaggerate. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the shortform health survey sf 36 mental health subscale mh and mental component summary mcs scores in identifying the presence of probable major depressive or anxiety disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The sf 36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The sf 36 has eight scale scores and physical and mental summary scales. Use this stepbystep guide to fill out the fim scale pdf form promptly and with ideal precision. The sf 36 health survey is one of the most widely accepted generic instruments. The 36 item short form survey sf 36 is an oftused, wellresearched, selfreported measure of health.
This is partly because it was so carefully developed in the first. Sf 36 quality of life scale the sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. Halt pkd, quality of life questionnaire sf36v2 tm health survey, form 38 version 1, 05062009 page 3 of 4 missing data codes. The effects of using different approaches to scoring the sf12 summary scales of physical and mental health were examined with a view to informing the design and interpretation of communitybased survey research.
Interpreting score differences in the sf 36 vitality scale. Proceedings of the 22nd annual sas users group international conference. In phase i, the malay version of the sf 36 was administered to asthmatics at six government hospitals from different regions ofthe country. It stems from a study called the medical outcomes study. Physical functioning pf role physical rp bodily pain bp physical general health gh vitality vt. The sf 36 questionnaire is easy to use in italian dialysis patients and sf 36 scores are related to important clinical aspects. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36. Settingoutpatient clinics and four training general practices in grampian. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. This study aimed to determine the criterion validity of the short form 36 health survey questionnaire sf 36 in a large community sample, and to explore the instruments internal consistency and validity in groups reporting different levels of illhealth. Answer every question by marking the answer as indicated.
The developers of the sf 36 suggest a method of gaining scores for missing values, but because of. Standardbased scoring makes it possible to interpret scores by comparing them to those of a reference population. There is no global composite combining all the scales into a single score. Fim scale fill out and sign printable pdf template signnow. Based on the concept of healthrelated quality of life, this article describes the development and the psychometric. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf 36 in a variety of populations including ms. Using the sf36 and euroqol on an elderly population. The health institute, new england medical center boston, massachusetts.
As part of the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes, rand developed the 36 item short form health survey sf 36. The validity of the sf36 in an australian national household. The advanced tools of the editor will lead you through the editable pdf template. Oct 04, 2016 the sf 36 totalglobaloverall score, a global measure of healthrelated quality of life, has been increasingly reported in the scientific literature. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. A 36 item shortform sf 36 was constructed to survey health status in the medical outcomes study. It comprises 36 questions which cover eight domains of health.
This information will help keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. All respondentss answers to sf36 were analyzed using a software that made data processing a lot easier and it established the final results of the selfevaluation. Results from traditional psychometric and clinical tests of validity were compared. The names of the scales, scale abbreviations, the number of items included in each and the maximum number of items imputed are shown below. Sf 36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items.
Sf 36 introduction the sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. Objectiveto assess the reliability of the sf 36 health survey questionnaire in two patient populations. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. There are numerous such surveys available, one of which is the physical functioning scale pfs of the 36 item short form health survey sf 36. The sf 36 scale scores there were no missing data on any of the sf 36 items from all 2410 subjects. Medical outcome short form 36 health survey questionnaire availability. The sf12 is a shorter version of the sf 36 containing 12 items.
Retest questionnaires were administered postally at two weeks in the first study and at one week in the second study. The sf 36 is one of the most widely used selfcompletion measures of health status. Multiple sclerosis quality of life inventory msqli. We measured functional status and wellbeing using the medical outcomes study 36 item shortform health survey sf 36, which is a selfadministered questionnaire in which lower scores are indicative of greater impairment. For each question, please give the answer that comes closest to the way you have been feeling. The rand36 measure of healthrelated quality of life rand. The pro rosetta stone prosetta stone developed and applied methods to link the patientreported outcomes measurement information system with other related instruments e. During the past 4 weeks, were you limited in the kind of work you do or other regular activities as a result of any emotional problems such as feeling depressed or anxious. This approach can help in caring for dialysis patients and can be useful in outcome assessment programmes. Quality of life into various summary the medical outcomes study short form 36 sf36 is a generic health status measure that was introduced in 1992, and has been translated languages.
695 865 451 993 656 77 404 539 749 532 1253 629 26 1099 167 464 1429 932 13 138 488 1440 1247 1090 33 1236 193 500 963 99 813 610 556 347 185 564 1303 987 1385 990 248 777 1295 580 408 1446 782